The more significant cause is reduced capacity for work resulting from disease. The percentage of such causes of accidents is, however, extremely insignificant. It is obvious that the reliability of the OPT system depends on the operators health under acute pathological conditions (like sudden death, coma, acute pain, etc.). The factors of operators reliability.Ībility, knowledge, skill, experience, and modes of activity play a major role in determining an operators reliability This function is further determined by sociologically obtained personal traits, character, and environmental factors, such as the peculiarities of the operators state of health. The purpose of this study is to fabricate a driving simulator and establish the methods to evaluate the driving performance with the simulator under the condition of drunk driving or talking driving with a cell phone.įigure 2.5. Particularly, adequate and uniformalized evaluation methods of drunk driving or talking driving with a cell phone have not quite established. However, those methods varied depending on the researchers. In those studies various evaluation methods were adopted for driving performances. Gawron and Ranney examined the driving performances including lateral acceleration on the approach and negotiation of horizontal curves of varying length and curvature when sober or alcohol-dosed. Reed and Green recorded driving speed and steering-wheel angle while periodically dialing simulated phone calls. analyzed mean and standard deviation of lane position according to the circadian variation of alertness.
Using a driving simulator Contardi et al. Numerous driving simulators have been already developed for many applications. Moriwaki, in Mechatronics for Safety, Security and Dependability in a New Era, 2007 1 INTRODUCTION
The driver is immersed in sight, sound, and movement so real that impending crash scenarios can be convincingly presented without the driver being endangered. The 360-degree visual displays offer traffic, road, and weather conditions a high-fidelity audio subsystem completes the driving experience. Inside the dome is a vehicle cab (or a full-sized vehicle body) equipped electronically and mechanically with instrumentation specific to its make and model. The motion system, on which the dome is mounted, provides horizontal and longitudinal travel and rotation in either direction, so the driver feels acceleration, braking, and steering cues as if he or she were actually driving a real car, truck, or bus. The results of such studies will ultimately lead to reductions in the number of traffic-related deaths and injuries on the nation’s highways.įrom its appearance, a driving simulator-for example, the University of Iowa’s National Advanced Driving Simulator (NADS) in Iowa City-consists of a dome on top of a Stewart platform mounted on longitudinal and lateral rails on the ground, as shown in Figure 8.38(a) (Center for Computer-Aided Design, National Advanced Driving Simulator 1994). Researchers and engineers believe that the measurements obtained can help them predict equivalent measurements in the real world that lead to a better understanding of the complex driver–vehicle–roadway interaction in critical driving situations. They provide a safe environment for testing in which controlled, repeated measurements can be undertaken cost-effectively. Advanced driving simulators today are used by engineers and researchers in vehicle design, intelligent highway design, and human factors studies such as driver behaviors under the influence of drugs, alcohol, and severe weather conditions. However, unlike flight simulators developed mainly for pilot training, driving simulators support much more than driver training. Similar to flight simulators, driving simulators place the driver in an artificial environment believed to be a valid substitute for one or more aspects of the actual driving experience.
Kuang-Hua Chang, in e-Design, 2015 8.6.3 Driving Simulatorsĭriving simulators are probably the most sophisticated application of computer-aided kinematic and dynamic simulations, as well as one of the biggest triumphs in their development.